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This occurs because each successive element has an added proton and electron which causes the electron to be drawn closer to the nucleus. This decrease in atomic radius also causes the ionization energy to increase when moving from left to right across a period. Moving left to right across a period, atomic radius usually decreases.
#Periodic table metals and nonmetals series
Although groups generally have more significant periodic trends, there are regions where horizontal trends are more significant than vertical group trends, such as the f-block, where the lanthanides and actinides form two substantial horizontal series of elements.Įlements in the same period show trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. For example, group 16 is variously described as oxygen group and chalcogen.Ī period is a horizontal row in the periodic table. Also, groups may be identified by their topmost element or have a specific name. It replaces two older naming schemes that were mutually confusing. The modern numbering group 1 to group 18 is recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). There are three systems of group numbering. The elements in a group have similar physical or chemical characteristic of the outermost electron shells of their atoms (i.e., the same core charge), as most chemical properties are dominated by the orbital location of the outermost electron. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table, but the f-block columns (between groups 2 and 3) are not numbered.
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In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements.
![periodic table metals and nonmetals periodic table metals and nonmetals](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SiIA3UDfDlI/TmxwNXFiOPI/AAAAAAAAAHI/FfD4vwyMkzE/s1600/metals%252C+nonmetals%252C+metalloids.gif)
Columns represent Groups and Rows represent Periods. The periodic table of the chemical elements.